Philenews

Iran: A Nation of 5,000 Years of Culture – Between Institutional Resilience and the Fatigue of the Times

Published January 28, 2026, 17:16
Iran: A Nation of 5,000 Years of Culture – Between Institutional Resilience and the Fatigue of the Times

In recent months, Iran has faced serious episodes of internal destabilization, which in some cases have taken on the characteristics of armed action. Unlike previous protests, where the possession of weapons was virtually non-existent, this time the opposite has been recorded, as well as cases of organized groups attacking public infrastructure. Iranian authorities attribute these phenomena to external support, while Western officials have admitted that sanctions and pressures were designed to provoke social unrest. Indeed, economic sanctions were imposed as a tool to paralyze daily life, with the expectation that social discomfort would turn into political instability, and the truth is that their impact on the Iranian economy has been real and painful, especially for the lower classes. However, this does not mean that every social reaction was the product of foreign design. History rarely works in straight lines, and societies do not revolt because someone wants them to, but when many problems accumulate. At the same time, scenarios of the country's disintegration along ethnic lines have re-emerged in public discourse outside Iran. Azeris, Kurds, Baluchis and Arabs were presented as potential secessionist subjects, as if ethnic diversity automatically equates to political decomposition. This reading ignores a basic reality: Iranian nationalism, the product of a long historical continuity and state building in the 20th century, acts as a strong cohesive force. Protests in Iran, even in their most intense phases, have expressed demands for rights and improved conditions, but not plans for secession. And… geography explains a lot. Iran, as a land hub between East and West, North and South, has clashed with empires and superpowers throughout its history, from antiquity to the modern era. Today, it is surrounded by competing interests, but does not host foreign military bases on its territory (It is the only country in the Gulf without an American base), which is unique to the Persian Gulf. This geographical and historical position has fostered a deep culture of survival as well as suspicion of external interference. Internally, the political system remains centralized. The supreme authority functions as a mechanism of balance between the institutions and the security mechanisms, and this architecture has proven resilient to crises. However, it relies on people and generations shaped by the revolution and the wars of the 20th century, while the younger generations of Iranians have different experiences: they grew up in a world of regional conflicts, state collapses and proxy wars. Their worldview is less ideological and more defensive, we would say, with an emphasis on security and state…