Philenews

Greenland: Rich Subsoil, Limited Exploitation, and Geopolitical Stake

Published January 14, 2026, 10:20
Greenland: Rich Subsoil, Limited Exploitation, and Geopolitical Stake

Greenland, with its rich but largely untapped mineral resources, is at the center of increasing geopolitical interest. The island's strategic importance has resurfaced, leading to meetings such as the one between the Foreign Ministers of Denmark and Greenland with the US Vice President and Secretary of State, aiming to de-escalate tensions surrounding the island. A 2023 survey revealed that Greenland possesses 25 of the 34 critical raw materials identified by the European Commission, positioning it as a potential hub for the energy transition and high technology. However, the exploitation of these resources is limited. Oil and gas extraction are prohibited for environmental reasons, while the development of the mining sector faces bureaucratic obstacles and opposition from local communities. Nevertheless, significant deposits of rare earths, graphite, copper, nickel, zinc, gold, diamonds, iron ore, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and uranium exist. Specifically, three of the largest rare earth deposits are located in southern Greenland, attracting interest from companies like Critical Metals Corp. Graphite, essential for electric vehicle batteries, is found in many areas, with GreenRoc applying for a project permit. Furthermore, significant zinc deposits are present in the north, while gold and diamonds are mainly found in the south and west of Greenland, respectively. Despite the enormous potential, Greenland remains cautious about exploitation, prioritizing environmental protection and the rights of indigenous communities. This stance, combined with the growing global demand for critical minerals, is turning the island into a significant geopolitical point, with potential implications for the global economy and energy security.