Philenews

Greece's Debt Reduction to 119% of GDP by 2029: Key Factors

Published January 23, 2026, 08:20
Greece's Debt Reduction to 119% of GDP by 2029: Key Factors

Reducing Greece's debt to 119% of GDP by 2029 is a crucial goal for strengthening economic stability and reducing 'country risk'. Despite initial projections for faster reduction, slowing economic growth and declining primary surpluses pose challenges. The Ministry of Finance believes that maintaining high cash reserves, partly from the Recovery and Resilience Fund, will act as a safety net, especially during periods of international economic uncertainty. According to the Multiannual Fiscal Framework, debt needs to be reduced by 19.2% of GDP between 2027-2029, an average of 6.5% annually. However, revised growth forecasts are lower than initial ones, making this target more difficult to achieve. Simultaneously, inflation is expected to subside, impacting nominal GDP and, consequently, debt reduction. The primary surplus, while remaining positive, is projected to gradually decrease in the coming years, from 4.8% of GDP in 2024 to 2.7% by 2029. This reduction means the surplus will contribute less to debt reduction compared to the past. Therefore, maintaining cash reserves becomes even more important. Cash reserves, including the €17 billion from the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), have played a significant role in boosting market confidence in Greece. Maintaining them at high levels, above €30 billion since 2019, signals the country's ability to meet its obligations even in extreme conditions. The completion of the Greek bond market will further enhance confidence and reduce borrowing costs.