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Ukraine: Four Years of War in Five Key Phases

Published February 24, 2026, 09:08
Ukraine: Four Years of War in Five Key Phases

Four years have passed since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the bloodiest war in Europe since World War II. The war has caused thousands of deaths and displaced millions of people. The invasion began on February 24, 2022, after Russian President Vladimir Putin recognized the independence of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in eastern Ukraine. Putin claimed that the goal of the operation was to “denazify” and “demilitarize” Ukraine. The Russian army initially made progress but failed to capture Kyiv. This was followed by the massacre in Bucha, where the bodies of hundreds of civilians were found, causing international outrage and investigations into war crimes. The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Putin for “war crimes.” The Ukrainian counteroffensive in the summer of 2022 led to the recovery of territories, but the situation remains fluid. In 2024, the Russian army is regaining the initiative, slowly but steadily advancing in eastern Ukraine, facing an opponent with shortages of ammunition and men. The war continues with undiminished intensity.