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Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Modes of Transmission - Can it Affect Humans?

Published February 24, 2026, 09:08
Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Modes of Transmission - Can it Affect Humans?

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of productive animals. Its rapid spread is due to the many ways the virus is transmitted, making each case a potential epidemic focus. Transmission occurs through direct contact between animals, indirectly through humans and equipment, airborne, and through animal products. The main symptoms include high fever and the appearance of blisters in the mouth, on the tongue, on the hooves, and on the udders. Mortality in adult animals is usually low, but a decrease in productivity is observed, while young animals may experience serious heart complications. The virus can survive for days or weeks on clothing, shoes, tools, and surfaces, making humans and equipment carriers of the disease. Inadequate implementation of biosecurity measures contributes to the spread of the disease. Foot-and-mouth disease rarely affects humans, with cases usually linked to direct contact with infected animals or laboratory exposure. Symptoms in humans are usually mild and may include fever, fatigue, and sore throat.