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8-Meter-Tall Organism That Lived 400 Million Years Ago Unlike Anything on Earth

Published January 28, 2026, 12:16
8-Meter-Tall Organism That Lived 400 Million Years Ago Unlike Anything on Earth

A mysterious fossil species, known as Prototaxites, continues to baffle the scientific community for more than 165 years. These “towers,” reaching 8 meters in height and appearing on Earth about 400 million years ago, have been variously described as trees, algae, or fungi, without a definitive identification. New research from scientists in the United Kingdom suggests that Prototaxites does not belong to any known branch of life, but to a completely separate, extinct evolutionary path. Their unique architecture and chemical composition distinguish them from any other known organism. The Prototaxites fossils were first found in Canada, and their identity has been debated ever since. Initially thought to be decayed trees, they were later proposed to be giant fungi. However, new analyses rule out these possibilities, indicating that Prototaxites represents a distinct eukaryotic group. The nature of this organism remains a mystery, and its extinction is unknown. The study of Prototaxites offers a unique glimpse into the diversity of life on ancient Earth and reminds us that evolution is an ongoing experiment with unpredictable outcomes.