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Why the Arctic is Both a Pillar and Achilles' Heel for Russia

Published December 29, 2025, 07:16
Why the Arctic is Both a Pillar and Achilles' Heel for Russia

The Arctic is a critical geopolitical point for Russia, combining strategic importance and economic dependence, but also increasing vulnerabilities. More than 80% of Russia's natural gas and 17% of its oil are produced in the region, while Russia seeks to control the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for commercial purposes. However, sanctions, climate change (particularly the thawing of permafrost threatening infrastructure), and the war in Ukraine are creating significant challenges. A recent analysis by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) highlights the need for the EU to contain and unpower Russia in the Arctic.