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What and When Will Judge the ECB's Next Moves on Interest Rates

Published March 22, 2026, 09:18
What and When Will Judge the ECB's Next Moves on Interest Rates

The European Central Bank (ECB) is in a state of heightened alert regarding developments in the war in Iran, which are already leaving their mark on the key economic indicators of the Eurozone. Concern is high in Frankfurt over the escalation of the conflict that unfolded with the bombing of energy facilities in Iran and other Gulf countries in recent days, which has led to a sharp increase in oil and natural gas prices, burdening European households. The ECB staff, for the time being, according to European sources, will wait for the next few months in order to be able to clearly assess the duration, intensity and breadth of the conflict in the Middle East. That is, the critical parameters on which the size of the war's impact on the European economy will be based. The main scenario for the ECB's next moves predicts that a clearer picture will be formed by June. Provided, of course, that this scenario is not overturned by extreme developments in the Middle East. Thus, if there are no adverse developments, in June the ECB intends to review its decisions on interest rates. Then it will judge whether to take measures for inflation, i.e. whether to increase its basic interest rate above the current 2% and to what extent, so that there is the least negative impact on the already weak growth of the Eurozone. The rise in inflation is currently the biggest risk to the European economy. “Risks to inflation are upward, particularly in the short term, while a prolonged conflict could lead to a prolonged change in energy prices, further boosting inflation,” said ECB President Christine Lagarde after the ECB meeting on Thursday. “This could be reinforced if inflationary expectations and wage developments also move in an upward direction.” At the ECB headquarters, there is great concern about the effects of the war, which are already reflected in the real economy with price increases or announcements of price adjustments from various sectors of the economy. However, a decision has been made not to adjust interest rates immediately in order to avoid an overreaction that would harm the European economy if the military conflict ultimately proves to be shorter than the worst-case scenarios. In any case, a common finding is that at least in 2026 growth will move at lower levels and inflation at higher levels than initial forecasts, due to the war. The ECB's basic scenario, which was revised based on the latest developments, predicts that GDP growth in the Eurozone will be around 0.9% this year, from an initial forecast of 1.2%, and inflation will rise to 2.6% from 1.9%. And these predictions, however…