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Tsunami Risk in the Mediterranean: Why Nice, France Needs an Evacuation Plan

Published March 26, 2026, 20:18
Tsunami Risk in the Mediterranean: Why Nice, France Needs an Evacuation Plan

Professor of volcanology Frédéric Leone analyzes the risk of tsunamis in the Mediterranean, pointing out that, despite the common perception of low risk, historical data and simulations show that destructive waves have already hit the French Riviera and could do so again. Research in Nice highlights the importance of prevention and evacuation plans to protect human lives. Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, or volcanic eruptions and can travel long distances, causing sudden floods and strong currents. Their intensity can vary, with pressure on infrastructure reaching many tons per square meter. Since 1970, tsunamis worldwide have caused over 250,000 deaths. The Mediterranean, although often overlooked, has recorded a significant number of tsunamis. According to UNESCO, there is a 100% probability of a tsunami of at least one meter in height occurring in the Mediterranean in the next 30 years. This region is the second most historically recorded area for tsunamis, after the Pacific Ocean. In Nice, approximately 20 tsunami events have been recorded since the 16th century, with waves often exceeding two meters. The response time to a tsunami in the Mediterranean is limited, as the first waves can arrive in less than 10 minutes in the event of earthquakes or landslides near the coasts. Even tsunamis triggered in North Africa can reach the French Riviera in less than 90 minutes.