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Neanderthal Men and Homo Sapiens Women: Study Reveals Mating Preference That Shaped Our DNA

Published February 27, 2026, 12:15
Neanderthal Men and Homo Sapiens Women: Study Reveals Mating Preference That Shaped Our DNA

A new scientific study reveals that Neanderthal men and Homo Sapiens women had a tendency to mate with each other. The study, published in the journal Science, is based on DNA analysis and confirms that there was interbreeding between the two species, resulting in modern humans outside of Africa carrying fragments of Neanderthal DNA. The study explains why modern humans have little or no Neanderthal DNA on the X chromosome, arguing that this is due to “reproductive preferences” rather than natural selection. DNA analysis showed that Neanderthal DNA is particularly abundant on the X chromosome of modern humans, suggesting that male Neanderthals and female Homo sapiens mated more frequently. Since women have two X chromosomes, while men have only one, more frequent mating between male Neanderthals and female Homo sapiens would have resulted in more modern human X chromosomes penetrating the genetic material of Neanderthals and fewer Neanderthal X chromosomes in modern humans. However, the reason for this mating preference remains unknown, whether it was a result of choice, violence, or coercion. Researchers hope that future analyses will shed light on the reasons that led to this reproductive pattern.