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Strait of Hormuz: A Historical and Geopolitical Hotspot

Published March 22, 2026, 20:13
Strait of Hormuz: A Historical and Geopolitical Hotspot

The Strait of Hormuz, a critical maritime passage, has played a significant role in history and geopolitics since antiquity. With just 3 kilometers wide at its narrowest point, it handles approximately 20% of the world's oil, making it vital for the global economy and energy security. Iran, controlling the northern coast, holds significant geopolitical power. From ancient Persia to seafarers and empires, the Strait of Hormuz has been a subject of conflict and control. Greeks, Ottomans, and Portuguese sought to dominate the region, recognizing its strategic importance for East-West trade. The area was known for its wealth and dangers, with piracy being a frequent occurrence. The discovery of large oil reserves in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain in the 1930s dramatically increased the importance of the Strait of Hormuz, transforming it into an 'artery' for global energy. The security of the region passed into the hands of Britain and later the Shah of Iran, until the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The US, after the 1979 revolution, formulated a new strategy to protect navigation in the region, declaring that any attempt to control the Persian Gulf would be considered an attack on its vital interests. Today, Iran is reviving a strategy of attacks on ships and ports, aiming to disrupt energy flows and exert pressure through energy prices.