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China's Tree-Planting Project to Halt Desertification Backfired, Draining Water Resources

Published February 10, 2026, 12:26
China's Tree-Planting Project to Halt Desertification Backfired, Draining Water Resources

China, in its effort to halt the expansion of the Gobi Desert, launched a massive reforestation program, creating the “Great Green Wall of China.” However, the choice of fast-growing, non-native tree species had unintended consequences. The trees proved to be extremely water-intensive, drawing large amounts of water from the soil and groundwater, resulting in the drying out of areas and increased pressure on water resources. The massive reforestation altered the hydrological cycle, shifting rainfall patterns and reducing the availability of freshwater in some areas. Instead of solving the desertification problem, the program exacerbated the water crisis, as the trees competed with agriculture and human needs for the same limited resource. The Chinese experience serves as a cautionary tale about the need for careful planning and selection of appropriate species in reforestation programs. In contrast to China, the “Great Green Wall of Africa” follows a different philosophy, with an emphasis on restoring land with adapted species and involving local communities. The comparison of the two programs highlights the importance of a holistic approach and adaptation to local conditions for the successful tackling of desertification and climate change.