Politis

European Solidarity and Geopolitical Boundaries

Published January 26, 2026, 10:17
European Solidarity and Geopolitical Boundaries

The article analyzes Article 42.7 of the Treaty on European Union, which provides for mutual solidarity in the event of an armed attack on a member state. Although this provision carries significant political weight, it remains more of a declaration of intent than a functional collective security mechanism, as it has not been fully activated and its application is unclear. The discussion about its effectiveness intensifies in cases of geopolitical tension and disputed sovereignty, such as in the case of Greenland, Cyprus, and Greece. The creation of Article 42.7 was a result of the EU's need to address its lack of strategic credibility, especially after its failure to manage the crises in the former Yugoslavia without American intervention. However, the wording of the provision was a compromise, so as not to create a European military alliance that would compete with NATO. The only activation of the article to date in France after the 2015 terrorist attacks did not lead to collective military action, but to bilateral assistance, demonstrating the lack of an institutional mechanism for effective implementation. The case of Greenland, which belongs to the Kingdom of Denmark, highlights the legal limits of the clause, but also the possibility of extending protection to non-EU members under certain conditions. In summary, the article highlights the complexity and challenges associated with the application of Article 42.7, as well as the need for further clarification and institutional strengthening of the EU's mutual defense mechanism in order to effectively address modern geopolitical threats.